He grew up in Aiken, South Car­olina. In 1988, Atwater and several friends founded a restaurant named Red Hot & Blue in Arlington, Virginia. Historically Black Colleges and Universities: An Encyclopedia (2011). In 1989, Atwater was appointed as a new member of the Historically black Howard University Board of Trustees. The 1988 Bush campaign overcame a 17-point deficit in midsummer polls to win 40 states. [8] Spence went on to win the race. Republican National Committee Chairman Lee Atwater resigned from Howard University’s Board of Trustees Tuesday after a dramatic confrontation between District of Columbia riot police and students who had occupied the university’s administration building to protest Atwater’s selection. When Lee was five, his three-year-old brother, Joe, died when he pulled a deep fryer full of hot oil onto himself. [3], As a teenager in Columbia, South Carolina, Atwater played guitar in a rock band, The Upsetters Revue. WTOP checks in with two of the… He released an album called Red Hot & Blue on Curb Records, featuring Carla Thomas, Isaac Hayes, Sam Moore, Chuck Jackson, and King. Part of the interview was printed in Lamis' book The Two-Party South, then reprinted in Southern Politics in the 1990s with Atwater's name revealed. Armie Hammer will “step away” from a romantic comedy he was set to star in opposite Jennifer Lopez in the wake of a brewing scandal surrounding his sex life. A memorial service was held at the Washington National Cathedral on April 4, 1991. Shortly after Atwater took over the RNC, Jim Wright, a Democrat, was forced to resign as Speaker of the House and was succeeded by Tom Foley. Atwater aroused controversy through his aggressive campaign tactics, especially the Southern strategy. However, some days later, he claimed that he had not approved the memo. 37–38. Atwater was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Alma "Toddy" (Page), a school teacher, and Harvey Dillard Atwater, an insurance adjustor. Hundreds of students remained in the administration building. The Horton ad campaign only reinforced the public's general opinion that Dukakis was too liberal, which helped Bush overcome Dukakis' 17-percent lead in early public opinion polls, and win both the electoral and popular vote by landslide margins. Wait times for vaccines still could last weeks as counties struggle to keep up with demand. [4], In 1973, Atwater graduated from Newberry College, a small private Lutheran institution in Newberry, South Carolina, where he was a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. The whole campaign was devoid of any kind of racism, any kind of reference. The memo compared Foley's voting record with that of openly gay Congressman Barney Frank, with a subtle implication that Foley, too, was gay. After the 1980 election, Atwater went to Washington and became an aide in the Ronald Reagan administration, working under political director Ed Rollins. I acquired more wealth, power, and prestige than most. Backfires. Atwater's aggressive tactics were first demonstrated during the 1980 Congressional campaigns. Dukakis had tried to portray himself as a moderate politician from the liberal state of Massachusetts. Students at Howard University protest Atwater's trusteeship at Howard University. Harvey LeRoy "Lee" Atwater (February 27, 1951 – March 29, 1991) was an American political consultant and strategist for the Republican Party. And I'll tell you another thing you all need to think about, that even surprised me, is the lack of interest, really, the lack of knowledge right now in the South among white voters about the Voting Rights Act.[13]. On the day that Foley officially became speaker, the RNC began circulating a memo to Republican congresspeople and state party chairpeople called "Tom Foley: Out of the Liberal Closet". Howard University (Howard or simply HU) is a private, federally chartered historically black university (HBCU) in Washington, D.C. But I'm saying that if it is getting that abstract, and that coded, that we are doing away with the racial problem one way or the other. Howard U. gained national attention when students rose up in protest against Atwater's appointment. It took a deadly illness to put me eye to eye with that truth, but it is a truth that the country, caught up in its ruthless ambitions and moral decay, can learn on my dime. The issue of furlough for first-degree murderers was originally brought up by Democratic candidate Al Gore during a presidential primary debate. Number one, race was not a dominant issue. Republican National Committee Chairman Lee Atwater resigned from Howard University's Board of Trustees Tuesday after a dramatic confrontation between District of … In fact, Gingrich had been attempting to convince several reporters to print it. [26], On March 5, 1990, Atwater suffered a seizure during a fundraising breakfast for Senator Phil Gramm. [6] He also sent out last-minute letters from Senator Thurmond telling voters that Turnipseed would disarm the United States, and turn it over to liberals and Communists. Armie Hammer calls online attacks ‘spurious,’ will still exit Jennifer Lopez rom-com. [25] She was endorsed by former President George H.W. During his years in South Carolina, Atwater became well known for managing hard-edged campaigns based on emotional wedge issues. [5] At Newberry, Atwater served as the governor of the South Carolina Student Legislature. Disneyland and Disney California Adventure are axing their annual pass program as they look to better manage pandemic-era crowds. However, Gore never referred specifically to Horton. As a teenager in Co­lum­bia, South Car­olina, At­wa­ter played gui­tar in a rock band, The Up­set­ters Revue. On November 13, 2012, The Nation magazine released a 42-minute audio recording of the interview. Horton then became the centerpiece of Atwater's ad campaign against Dukakis. MYERS Well, students were upset, because on February the 1st, or somewhere around that date, the university had decided to appoint Lee Atwater to the Board of Trustees. [citation needed], In 1989, Atwater became a member of the historically black Howard University Board of Trustees. Student activists disrupted Howard's 122nd anniversary celebrations, and eventually occupied the university's Administration building. Atwater's tactics in that campaign included push polling in the form of fake surveys by so-called independent pollsters to inform white suburbanites that Turnipseed was a member of the NAACP. [15] Soon afterward, Willie Horton, who was serving a life sentence for first-degree murder for stabbing a boy to death during a robbery, was released on weekend furlough, during which he kidnapped a young couple, tortured the man, and repeatedly raped the woman. When Lee was five, his three-year-old brother, Joe, died when he pulled a deep fryerfull of hot oil onto himself. In 1989, Atwater was appointed as a new member of the Historically black Howard University Board of Trustees. Howard (Ho Wai) Lee Philip St J Russell We report direct observation of the 2D transverse near-field intensity and polarisation distribution of surface plasmon polaritons guided on metal nanowires. Critics accuse the Republican Party of racist politics. He was 40 years old. So, from that standpoint, there is some truth and good in everything."[8]. Howard Lee is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at UC Irvine.Before joining UCI, he was an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics at Baylor University and IQSE Fellow and visiting professor in the Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) at TexasA&M. Here is what we know. Student activists disrupted Howard's 122nd anniversary celebrations and eventually occupied the university's administration building. What power wouldn't I trade for a little more time with my family? As a member of the Reagan administration in 1981, Atwater gave an anonymous interview to political scientist Alexander P. Lamis. "American National Biography". And number two, the mainstream issues in this campaign had been, quote, southern issues since way back in the sixties. “I told them that it was too risky. Funeral services were held at the Trinity Cathedral Church in Atwater's final residence, Columbia, South Carolina. [24] The restaurant, which has since grown into a chain, served Memphis BBQ and played Memphis blues music in the dining room. [20] Atwater viewed Clinton as a serious potential threat to Bush in the 1992 presidential election. The students took over the building to protest the appointment of Republican National Committee Chairman Lee Atwater to Howard`s board of trustees in January. campaign for black support By Jacob V. Lamar Jr. Monday, Mar. Howard U. gained national attention when students rose up in protest against Atwater's appointment. But Atwater’s resignation did not immediately end the protest, because students had a list of other demands, including better security and housing, more blacks on the Board of Trustees, and improvements in student services. [7] At a press briefing, Atwater planted a fake reporter who rose and said, "We understand that Turnipseed has had psychiatric treatment". Saying No to Lee Atwater Howard students derail the G.O.P. Atwater talked about the Republican Southern strategy: Atwater: As to the whole Southern strategy that Harry S. Dent, Sr. and others put together in 1968, opposition to the Voting Rights Act would have been a central part of keeping the South. Lee Atwater, former chairman of the Republican National Committee and a major architect of George Bush's Presidential election victory in 1988, died this morning at George Washington University Hospital. By Jelani Cob b. January 8, 2018. [16], Atwater married Sally Dunbar in 1978. Atwater, who watched televised reports of the incident Tuesday, later submitted his resignation, telling Howard board Chairman John E. Jacob that he feared “someone could be injured in the protest.”. During his years in South Carolina, Atwater became well known for managing hard-edged campaigns based on emotional wedge issues. During the election, a number of allegations were made in the media about Dukakis' personal life, including the unsubstantiated claim that his wife Kitty had burned a United States flag to protest the Vietnam War, and that Dukakis had been treated for a mental illness. [1] He had two siblings, Ann and Joe. Disneyland is scrapping its annual pass program. And he was known to use whatever means to garner that support. The Rev. The protesters at the predominantly black campus had contended that Atwater was not sensitive to black concerns. Jackson had received calls from the Howard demonstrators as armed members of the police Emergency Response Team surrounded the administration building and prepared to remove the students. In a June 28, 1990, letter to Tom Turnipseed, he stated, "It is very important to me that I let you know that out of everything that has happened in my career, one of the low points remains the so-called 'jumper cable' episode", adding, "My illness has taught me something about the nature of humanity, love, brotherhood, and relationships that I never understood, and probably never would have. He was a campaign consultant to Republican incumbent Floyd Spence in his campaign for Congress against Democratic nominee Tom Turnipseed. In a February 1991 article for Life, Atwater wrote: My illness helped me to see that what was missing in society is what was missing in me: a little heart, a lot of brotherhood. Prof. Howard Lee was a Postdoctoral Fellow in Prof. Harry Atwater’s group in the Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science from 2012 to 2015. Some would argue that Atwater’s politics were inherently anti-Black. [20] At the time of Atwater's illness, he was supporting the bid of Representative Tommy Robinson for the Republican gubernatorial nomination to oppose Clinton in the fall. Superintendent of Education for South Carolina, "Atwater, Harvey Leroy ("Lee") — Dictionary definition of Atwater, Harvey Leroy ("Lee") — Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary", Lee Atwater, Master of Tactics For Bush and G.O.P., Dies at 40, Bad Boy — The Life and Politics of Lee Atwater (ch. Dukakis supported a felon furlough program originally begun under Republican Governor Francis Sargent in 1972. In the film Boogie Man: The Lee Atwater Story, Robert Novak reveals for the first time that Atwater personally tried, but failed, to get him to spread these mental-health rumors.[16]. Republican Senate leader Bob Dole, for instance, said in a speech in the Senate chamber, "This is not politics. Questioner: But the fact is, isn't it, that Reagan does get to the Wallace voter and to the racist side of the Wallace voter by doing away with legal services, by cutting down on food stamps? By 1968 you can't say "nigger"—that hurts you. 1 in 3 L.A. County residents have been infected by coronavirus since pandemic began, new estimate shows. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity" and accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.. Tracing its history to 1867, from its outset Howard has been nonsectarian and open to people of all sexes and races. On-Campus Energy: How Howard University is Creating the Largest Renewable Energy Project of Any Historically Black College and University. During the 1970s and the 1980 election, Atwater rose to prominence in the South Carolina Republican Party, actively participating in the campaigns of Governor Carroll Campbell and Senator Strom Thurmond. [4] Robert Hilburn wrote about the album in the Los Angeles Times on April 5, 1990: "The most entertaining thing about this ensemble salute to spicy Memphis-style 1950s and 1960s R&B is the way it lets you surprise your friends. Rollins also described Atwater as "ruthless", "Ollie North in civilian clothes", and someone who "just had to drive in one more stake". So you say stuff like forced busing, states' rights and all that stuff. Pass holders who paid for days beyond the parks’ closure last March are to get refunds. Atwater … Ed Rollins stated in the 2008 documentary Boogie Man: The Lee Atwater Story: [Atwater] was telling this story about how a Living Bible was what was giving him faith and I said to Mary [Matalin], "I really, sincerely hope that he found peace". Atwater, at the time, was the Republican National Committee chairman, but he was known as a hired gun to sort of solidify these Republican campaigns. This is garbage". Now you don't have to do that. [citation needed], Atwater initially defended the memo, calling it "no big deal" and "factually accurate". Bob Herbert reported on the interview in the October 6, 2005, issue of The New York Times. An Encyclopedia by F. Erik Brooks, Glenn L. Starks. [32], Atwater's political career is the subject of the feature-length documentary film Boogie Man: The Lee Atwater Story. But you can acquire all you want and still feel empty. They said he was concerned. Atwater: Y'all don't quote me on this. [22], Also in 1989, Atwater strongly criticized the candidacy of David Duke for the Louisiana House of Representatives. How do I get my coronavirus vaccine if I’m 65 and older? Protesting Lee Atwater at Howard University. A ‘tragic, upsetting and frankly overwhelming’ situation unfolds as COVID-19 deaths soar in L.A. County. [19] The memo was harshly condemned by both political parties. David Duke, former Ku Klux Klan wizard, at a press conference. Supplement 1, pp. As the students celebrated Mr. Atwater's resignation, they vowed to remain in the university's main administration building until Howard's president, James E. … She said, "Ed, when we were cleaning up his things afterwards, the Bible was still wrapped in the cellophane and had never been taken out of the package", which just told you everything there was. [2], During the 1970s and the 1980 election, Atwater rose to prominence in the South Carolina Republican Party, actively participating in the campaigns of Governor Carroll Campbell and Senator Strom Thurmond. [4] He also performed with Paul Shaffer and his band in an episode of Late Night with David Letterman. During that campaign, future President George W. Bush took an office across the hall from Atwater's, where his job was to serve as his father's eyes and ears. So Reagan goes out and campaigns on the issues of economics and of national defense. Howard University President (1968–1989) In 1989, Cheek appointed Republican National Committee Chairman Lee Atwater as a member of the Howard University Board of Trustees. The protests started when an anonymous blogger published an article alleging the misuse of tuition reimbursement funding for at least seven university employees, which was never made public last year. [27], In the months after the severity of his illness became apparent, Atwater said he had converted to Roman Catholicism, through the help of Father John Hardon[28] and, in an act of repentance, Atwater issued a number of public and written letters to individuals to whom he had been opposed during his political career. King, in the Washington, D.C. area. Volume 3, 1991–1993, pp. Atwater's most noteworthy campaign was the 1988 presidential election, when he served as the campaign manager for Republican nominee George H. W. Bush. . In 1989, the students of Howard University were not content with the selection of Republican conservative, Lee Atwater to the Howard University board of trustees. In my opinion there are many dimensions of the information that is related to history. I'm not saying that. Play a selection such as 'Knock on Wood' or 'Bad Boy' for someone without identifying the singer, then watch their eyes bulge when you reveal that it's the controversial national chairman of the Republican Party, Lee Atwater." campaign slogan Democrats were using as a rallying cry in an effort to create an impression that Bush was a relatively inexperienced and unaccomplished candidate. As truths go, that's pretty fundamental. Atwater also argued that Reagan did not need to make racial appeals, suggesting that Reagan's issues transcended the racial prism of the "Southern Strategy": Atwater: But Reagan did not have to do a southern strategy for two reasons. You start out in 1954 by saying, "Nigger, nigger, nigger". The 1980s were about acquiring – acquiring wealth, power, prestige. Chisholm discusses his thoughts on Howard University’s renewable energy projects. Furthermore, Bush had critics in the Republican base, who remembered his pro-choice positions in the 1980 primary, and that the harder the campaign pursued Dukakis's liberal positions, the bigger his base turnout would be. Protesting Howard University students have occupied an administrative building on the college campus and have refused to leave unless their demands were met. So, any way you look at it, race is coming on the back-burner.[14][13]. What price wouldn't I pay for an evening with friends? STUDENTS at Howard University, a predominantly black university in Washington, D.C., were jubilant recently after they blocked the appointment of Lee Atwater to the school's board of trustees. Calling for an end to blacks' "blind allegiance" to the Democrats, Atwater talked about providing minorities with leadership positions in … Governor Dukakis vetoed the bill. I know. [13] James Carter IV, grandson of former president Jimmy Carter, had asked and been granted access to these tapes by Lamis' widow. Jesse Jackson said he had called Atwater Tuesday night to urge the GOP chairman to resign. "[17] In her memoir, Barbara Bush said the younger Bush (whom Atwater called "Junior") and Atwater became "great friends."[18]. We could not risk anyone getting hurt,” Cheek said. Boogie Man ~ The Lee Atwater Story What historic information did you learn from this film? 18–19. Students at Howard University protested the appointment of Republican National Committee chairman Lee Atwater to the Board of Trustees. Barbara Bush: A Memoir (1994) p. 338 (paperback edition). . Atwater’s resignation followed a statement of support from President Bush, who, when asked at a news conference about the protests over his former campaign manager, had described Atwater’s appointment to the university board in January as “a good thing.”. All that you need to do to keep the South is for Reagan to run in place on the issues that he's campaigned on since 1964, and that's fiscal conservatism, balancing the budget, cut taxes, you know, the whole cluster. [citation needed]. [11], During his years in Washington, Atwater became aligned with Vice President George H. W. Bush, who chose Atwater to manage his 1988 presidential campaign.[12]. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. [21] Within days, both Atwater and Howard President James E. Cheek resigned. California allows residents 65 and older to get COVID-19 vaccine, but doses remain limited. You're getting so abstract now [that] you're talking about cutting taxes, and all these things you're talking about are totally economic things and a byproduct of them is [that] blacks get hurt worse than whites. The school has about 11,000 students. [29], In the article Atwater apologized to Michael Dukakis for the "naked cruelty" of the 1988 presidential election campaign.[29][30]. Atwater recorded a 1990 album with B.B. A historically black institution confronts a new era in politics. The Bible reminds us of it - and the students of Howard University only recently reminded Lee Atwater of it too: "As ye sow, so shall ye reap." More than 100 police officers in full riot gear swooped down on the campus at noon to remove and arrest up to 1,000 students barricaded there since Monday, but abruptly left after Mayor Marion Barry sped to the scene to negotiate with the protesters. He earned a Master of Arts degree in communications from the University of South Carolina in 1977. Under Trump, a Hard Test for Howard University. Then came the Capitol riot. At­wa­ter was born in At­lanta, Geor­gia, the son of Alma "Toddy" (Page), a school teacher, and Har­vey Dil­lard At­wa­ter, an in­sur­ance adjustor. It had been crafted by RNC communications director Mark Goodin and by House Minority Whip Newt Gingrich. . Robinson lost the primary to former Arkla Gas CEO Sheffield Nelson. At the second meeting, the aides "gave us the Lee Atwater story. First is the way the US politics is shaped over its history. The university gained national attention when students rose up in protest against Atwater's appointment. [2] Atwater's challenge was to counter the "where was George?" I don't know who will lead us through the '90s, but they must be made to speak to this spiritual vacuum at the heart of American society, this tumor of the soul. Baraka’s second appearance in The Ledger on March 8, 1989 received much better play. He was an adviser to US presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush and chairman of the Republican National Committee. After the election, Atwater was named chairman of the Republican National Committee. He underwent interstitial implant radiation – then a new treatment – at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City, followed by conventional radiation therapy at George Washington University Hospital in Washington, D.C. They had three children, Sara Lee, Ashley Page, and Sally Theodosia. He wanted to help Howard University, and would be free and open with the students," Turner said. Olympian Klete Keller rebuilt his life following struggles. King and others on Curb Records, titled Red Hot & Blue. Former USC swimmer Klete Keller, who won five Olympic medals for the U.S., has been charged in connection with participation in the Capitol riot. He died after a yearlong fight against a brain tumor that struck him at the peak of his political success and power. In 1984, Rollins managed Reagan's re-election campaign, and Atwater became the campaign's deputy director and political director. [citation needed], Following Bush's victory, Atwater focused on organizing a public relations campaign against Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton. Vaillancourt notes that Atwater denies exploiting racial issues in 1988 presidential campaign advertisements. During the 1960s, Atwater briefly played backup guitar for Percy Sledge. He was spinning right to the end. [16], Atwater died on March 29, 1991, from a brain tumor. [2] Doctors discovered a grade 3 astrocytoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer, in his right parietal lobe. Bush backs widow of Lee Atwater", "Lee Atwater, Master of Tactics For Bush and GOP, Dies at 40", National Republican Congressional Committee, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lee_Atwater&oldid=999507128, Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Lee Atwater and T. Brewster, "Lee Atwater's Last Campaign,". [10], Atwater became a senior partner at the political consulting firm of Black, Manafort, Stone and Kelly the day after the 1984 presidential election. He said: "David Duke is not a Republican as far as I am concerned...He is a pretender, a charlatan, and a political opportunist who is looking for any organization he can find to legitimate his views of racial and religious bigotry and intolerance...We repudiate him and his views and we are taking steps to see that he is disenfranchised from our party."[23]. There is a great deal of historic information that can be learned from the film. And subconsciously maybe that is part of it. Save this story for later. The way different politicians reach to their desired positions. Rollins mentions Atwater's work several times in his 1996 book Bare Knuckles and Back Rooms. Referring to Dukakis, Atwater declared that he would "strip the bark off the little bastard" and "make Willie Horton his running mate". Student activists disrupted Howard's 122nd anniversary celebrations, and eventually occupied the university's Administration building. In … 1), What Lee Atwater learned and the lesson for his protégés, Partners in Political PR Firm Typify Republican New Breed, "Exclusive: Lee Atwater's Infamous 1981 Interview on the Southern Strategy", "A Future President's Rebirth" by Janet Hook, "James E. Cheek, Forceful University President, Dies at 77" by Douglas Martin, "Winner In Louisiana Vote Takes On GOP Chairman", "History : The first Red Hot and Blue restaurant opened in Arlington, Virginia in 1988, started by Lee Atwater, Don Sundquist and friends", "Sally Atwater files to run for SC superintendent", "George H.W. [2] He grew up in Aiken, South Carolina. Although Atwater clearly approved of the use of the Willie Horton issue, the Bush campaign never ran any commercial with Horton's picture; instead they ran a similar but generic ad. Alfonzye “Chip” Chisholm is a LEED-certified architect by trade and has been the Director, Office of Sustainability at Howard University for the past eight years. In 1976, the Massachusetts legislature passed a measure to ban furloughs for first-degree murderers. University President James E. Cheek said Tuesday night he had asked police to stop when he learned that officers who had made their way inside the building were preparing to use tear gas and battering rams to reach students barricaded in various offices. This page was last edited on 10 January 2021, at 15:08. [9] He states that Atwater ran a dirty tricks operation against Democratic vice-presidential nominee Geraldine Ferraro, including publicizing the fact that Ferraro's parents had been indicted on numbers running in the 1940s. The campus protest is one of the iconic images of the domestic controversies of 1968, but not everyone realizes the first one happened in D.C., at Howard University. Bush. Bush wrote in his autobiography, "I was an allegiance enforcer and a listening ear. "The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives". [31], Sidney Blumenthal has speculated that, had Atwater lived, he would have run a stronger re-election campaign for Bush than the President's unsuccessful 1992 effort against Bill Clinton and Ross Perot. “That I could not accept,” Atwater said in the letter. Students rose up in protest against Atwater's appointment, disrupting Howard's 122nd anniversary celebrations, and eventually occupied the university's administration building. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. You follow me—because obviously sitting around saying, "We want to cut this", is much more abstract than even the busing thing, and a hell of a lot more abstract than "Nigger, nigger". [16], American political consultant and strategist, Conversion to Roman Catholicism and repentance. 20, ... his campaign manager and newly named Republican Chairman Lee Atwater launched an effort to lure black voters into the G.O.P. Even at the height of his political power, he would often play concerts in clubs and church basements, solo or with B.B. [2] His widow ran for Superintendent of Education for South Carolina in 2014. [citation needed]. Vaillancourt's report features footage of Atwater speaking at the fundraiser. He had two sib­lings, Ann and Joe. The treatment left him paralyzed on his left side, disabled his tone discrimination, and swelled his face and body. Even at the height of his po­lit­i­cal power, he would often play con­certs in clubs and church base­m… Atwater later told reporters off the record that Turnipseed "got hooked up to jumper cables", referring to electroconvulsive therapy that Turnipseed underwent as a teenager. [19] Under pressure from Bush, Atwater fired Goodin, replacing him with B. Jay Cooper. The original commercial was produced by Americans for Bush, an independent group managed by Larry McCarthy, and Republicans benefited from the coverage it attracted in the national media. 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