[26.10] But his seers advised him there was nothing to fear (in their view the city he was founding would abound in resources and would sustain men from every nation); he therefore instructed his overseers to press on with the work. Walter Scheidel, "Creating a Metropolis: A Comparative Demographic Perspective"; in Harris & Ruffini (2004), p. 25. Luminaries associated with the Musaeum included the geometry and number-theorist Euclid; the astronomer Hipparchus; and Eratosthenes, known for calculating the Earth's circumference and for his algorithm for finding prime numbers, who became head librarian. Alexandria Education Foundation awarded grant to support school meals for students in need October 13, 2020; Virtual Celebration of Hall of Fame Inductees from the past 13 years September 22, 2020; Alexandria Education Foundation Postpones Hall of Fame Event August 20, 2020 The Ptolemies fostered the development of the Library of Alexandria and associated Musaeum into a renowned center for Hellenistic learning. If such a city was to be on the Egyptian coast, there was only one possible site, behind the screen of the Pharos island and removed from the silt thrown out by the Nile, just west of the westernmost "Canopic" mouth of the river. Plutarch on the foundation of Alexandria. "I suspect that despite their lack of civic status, Egyptians were presumably more numerous than any other group. Egypt became part of the Diocese of Jerusalem, founded in 1841, and under the metropolitical authority of … The remains found at this site, which are dated circa the fourth to seventh centuries AD, include workshops, storefronts, houses, a theater, a public bath, and lecture halls, as well as Coptic frescoes. Walter Scheidel, "Creating a Metropolis: A Comparative Demographic Perspective"; in Harris & Ruffini (2004), p. 23. French troops stormed the city on July 2, 1798 and it remained in their hands until the British victory at the Battle of Alexandria on March 21, 1801, following which the British besieged the city which fell to them on 2 September 1801. In a century, Alexandria had become the largest city in the world,[6] and for some centuries more, was second only to Rome. [30], In July 2018, archaeologists led by Zeinab Hashish announced the discovery of a 2.000-year-old 30-ton black granite sarcophagus. The Spirit of Alexandria Foundation was created to carry on the legacy of Alexandria Bennett, a little girl whose passion for nature and generosity was evident to everyone around her. The Greek author Plutarch of Chaeronea, describes the event in section 26.3-10 of his Life of … [9], The early Ptolemies were careful to maintain the distinction of its population's three largest ethnicities: Greek, Jewish, and Egyptian. [26.7] When he saw that the site was eminently suitable (it is a strip of land similar to a fairly broad isthmus, running between a large lagoon and the sea which terminates in a great harbor), he exclaimed that Homer was admirable in other respects and was also an excellent architect, and ordered the plan of the city to be drawn in conformity with the terrain. Among other things, we do not know how many people were initially settled at the site; how their numbers changed over time; where successive generations of immigrants came from; and what the maximum size of the population was, or when it was reached. These processions were used to shout Greek superiority over any non-Greeks that were watching, thereby widening the divide between cultures.[13]. This page was created in 2002; last modified on 14 July 2020. "Ultimately, the monument gave rise to numerous allegorical interpretations where it stood as the axis of the planet, the central point around which the whole universe was ordered. Alexandria, major city and urban governorate in Egypt. It comes from The Life of Alexander of Macedon (Longmans, Green and Co. 1955) by an unknown author named Pseudo-Callisthenes. Buildings were burned during the Kitos War (Tumultus Iudaicus) of AD 115, giving Hadrian and his architect, Decriannus, an opportunity to rebuild. Mayors of Alexandria (since the implementation of the local-government act of 1960):[28]. On being offered a viewing into the tombs of the pharaohs, he refused, saying, "I came to see a king, not a collection of corpses."[14]. A great assortment of countries had agents in the city, although the European trade was dominated by merchants from the city-states of northern Italy, principally Venetians, Genoese, Florentines, and Pisans. The Donations of Alexandria (Autumn 34 BC) were a political act by Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony in which they distributed lands held by Rome and Parthia amongst Cleopatra's children, and granted them many titles, especially for Caesarion, son of Julius Caesar. The city fell to the Arabs in AD 641, and a new capital of Egypt, Fustat, was founded on the Nile. A number of more fanciful foundation myths are found in the Alexander Romance and were picked up by medieval historians. We don’t even know if the Library of Alexandria was destroyed at all, due to contradictory texts and the absence of archaeological remains. Alexandria figured prominently in the military operations of Napoleon's expedition to Egypt in 1798. [7] Nominally a free Hellenistic city, Alexandria retained its senate of Roman times and the judicial functions of that body were restored by Septimius Severus after temporary abolition by Augustus. Date Founded. According to archaeologist Mostafa Waziri, the skeletons looked like a family burial with a middle-aged woman and two men. "Nevertheless, throughout most of the period of the Mamluk sultanate (1250–1517), the city of Alexandria was a busy entrepôt for trade between Egypt and Europe. Charitable Causes. In the 3rd century AD, Alexander's tomb was closed to the public, and now its location has been forgotten. In 645 a Byzantine fleet recaptured the city, but it fell for good the following year. After its foundation, Alexandria became the seat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, and quickly grew to be one of the greatest cities of the Hellenistic world. The Brucheum and Jewish quarters were desolate in the 5th century, and the central monuments, the Soma and Museum, fell into ruin. in the same neighborhoods, turn gray in these same houses. Slavery, a normal institution in Greece, was likely present but details about its extent and about the identity of slaves are unknown. Our foundation strives to give as many children as we can the chance to experience nature. Through a competitive scholarship process, the Foundation financially supports students in the transition from high school to 2 and 4-year colleges. In 365, a tsunami caused by an earthquake in Crete hit Alexandria.[16][17]. Library of Alexandria Nineteenth-century artistic rendering of the Library of Alexandria by the German artist O. [26.5] when during the night, as he was sleeping, he saw a remarkable vision. The city passed formally under Roman jurisdiction in 80 BC, according to the will of Ptolemy Alexander but only after it had been under Roman influence for more than a hundred years. The city grew in the early 19th century under the industrialization program of Mohammad Ali, the viceroy of Egypt. The French army under Napoleon captured the city in 1798 and the British soon captured it from the French, retaining Alexandria within their sphere of influence for 150 years. (At first, Egyptians were probably the plurality of residents, while the Jewish community remained small. Large sections of the city were damaged in the battle, or destroyed in subsequent fires. Company Description. You’ll walk the same streets, grow old Years later, the city suffered many earthquakes during the years 956, 1303 and then in 1323. The ancient sources tell us that Alexander himself chose the sites of the temples; this applied to the Greek temples and also the Egyptian, in that he selected the place where a temple to Isis was to be conslrucled. The baths and theater were built in the fourth century and the smaller buildings constructed around them, suggesting a sort of urban renewal occurring in the wake of Diocletian.[20]. We hope to spread our mission and programs to other nature centers in Michigan and beyond. Stiros, Stathis C.: "The AD 365 Crete earthquake and possible seismic clustering during the fourth to sixth centuries AD in the Eastern Mediterranean: a review of historical and archaeological data", Haas (1997), pp. François de Polignac, "The shadow of Alexander"; in Jacob & de Polignac (1992/2000); pp. Unexpected discoveries from the inhabited quarter include frescoes and other wall decorations that provide clear evidence for the development of Coptic artistic forms in a cosmopolitan urban setting—not just in the chora of Middle and Upper Egypt. Staden är huvudort i det cirka 2 679 km² [5] stora guvernementet Alexandria. Here's What They Mean", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Alexandria&oldid=999981984, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles needing additional references from December 2011, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. This encompassed, at one and the same time, the Alexander of 331, Macedonian king and founder of the city, the Alexander of 323, son of Ammon, universal conqueror and god unvanquished, and finally the Alexander of 321, protector of Egypt who, by coming back from Memphis, transferred the heritage of the pharaohs to the heart of Alexandria.". [26.8] Since there was no chalk available, they used barley-meal to describe a rounded area on the dark soil, to whose inner arc straight lines succeeded, starting from what might be called the skirts of the area and narrowing the breadth uniformly, so as to produce the figure of a mantle. 3 Mummies (and No Curses) (Published 2018)", "Scientists Begin Unveiling the Secrets of the Mummies in the Alexandria 'Dark Sarcophagus, "That Massive Black Sarcophagus Contained 3 Inscriptions. Monumental buildings were erected in Alexandria through the third century BC. [4] The site also offered unique protection against invading armies: the vast Libyan Desert to the west and the Nile Delta to the east. His example was followed by Mark Antony, for whose favor the city paid dearly to Octavian. For the other posts in the series, click here The following account of the foundation of Alexandria is not historical. Recorded in Plutarch, the foundation story gives us some idea of what the Alexandrians, and particularly the Ptolemies, wanted to project about their city’s birth. The first Anglican missionaries arrived in Egypt in 1819, and the first church building, St Mark's in Alexandria, was consecrated in 1839, followed by All Saints in Cairo in 1876. All content copyright © 1995–2021 Livius.org. Alexandria was intended to supersede Naucratis as a Hellenistic center in Egypt, and to be the link between Greece and the rich Nile Valley. In 2000, with the opening of the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library, the Library asked the City to add $50,000 to its operating budg… As early as the 7th century BC, there existed important port cities of Canopus and Heracleion. Following Antony's defeat at the Battle of Actium, Octavian took Egypt as personal property of the emperor, appointing a prefect who reported personally to him rather than to the Roman Senate[citation needed]. The Serapeum of the Great Library was destroyed, possibly effecting the final destruction of the Library of Alexandria. In the year 1365, Alexandria was brutally sacked after being taken by the armies of the Crusaders, led by King Peter of Cyprus. The Footnotes tell me that Curtius, Diodorus and Justin ‘follow the tradition of Aristobulus… in placing the foundation of … From the time of annexation and onwards, Alexandria seemed to have regained its old prosperity, commanding, as it did, an important granary of Rome. Their support has been crucial in getting the foundation off to … The city received no aid from Constantinople during that time; Heraclius was dead and the new Emperor Constans II was barely twelve years old. Alexandria, Louisiana. [11], The law in Alexandria was based on Greek—especially Attic—law. City Quarters. It contained three damaged skeletons in red-brown sewage water. The Foundation wants to build a financial cornerstone for investing in students and teachers in Alexandria Public Schools. Foundation. The Canopic (westernmost) branch of the Nile Delta still existed at that time, and was widely used for shipping. In July 1882 the city was the site of the first battle of the Anglo-Egyptian War, when it was bombarded and occupied by British naval forces. Through this foundation, it is her family and friends mission to help children experience nature and all its wonderment. The Nile Delta had long been politically significant as the point of entry for anyone wishing to trade with Egypt.[2]. In 391, Emperor Theodosius I ordered the destruction of all pagan temples, and the Patriarch Theophilus complied with his request. Strabo lists Alexandria, with Tarsus and Athens, among the learned cities of the world, observing also that Alexandria both admits foreign scholars and sends its natives abroad for further education. Jews occupied two of the city's five quarters and worshipped at synagogues. European merchants in their turn sold wood, furs, cloth, and slaves in Alexandria. After Alexander's departure, his viceroy Cleomenes continued the expansion. [26.4] They say that after his conquest of Egypt, Alexander resolved to found and leave behind him a large and populous Greek city which would bear his name. The Foundation of Alexandria Historia Alexandri Magni: Book 7.1 - 8.4 Alexander: Books XXVI - XXVIII Plutarch Quintus Curtius Rufus Traveled to the shrine of Ammon first, linked himself to Jupiter Alexandria was positioned between a lake and the sea Left men to supervise the There, Arianism came to prominence, and there also Athanasius opposed Arianism and the pagan reaction against Christianity, experiencing success against both and continuing the Patriarch of Alexandria's major influence on Christianity into the next two centuries. Even as its main historical importance had sprung from pagan learning, Alexandria now acquired new importance as a center of Christian theology and church government. Leaving Siwah, Alexander rode north-east to the Egyptian delta where he founded the city that would become Alexandria-Outside-Egypt. The Heptastadion connected Pharos with the city and the Lighthouse of Alexandria followed soon after, as did the Serapeum, all under Ptolemy I. Alexandria ligger i Nedre Egypten vid Nilens västra arm i den nordvästra delen av Nildeltat på ett näs mellan Medelhavet och bräckvattensjön Marioutsjön och ligger cirka 220 km nordväst om huvudstaden Kairo.. Staden sträcker sig cirka 20 km [4] längs kusten och har en area om cirka 300 km². Foundation of the Alexandria Bar Association. In July 1954, the city was a target of an Israeli bombing campaign that later became known as the Lavon Affair. Sign In or Create Account to view assets data lock Unlock financial insights by subscribing to our monthly plan. ' Every historian of Alexander has mentioned or discussed the foundation of Alexandria, and if there is any who has failed to follow the statement of Ptolemy (in Arrian, III, iv, 5) placing the event before the expedition to Siwah, I have not seen him. At the same time, the city could enjoy a fresh water supply by means of a canal from the Nile. Publically the Alexandria Foundation is a philanthropic, non-profit organization dedicated to the “preservation of the human experience”. These clashes culminated in the Egyptian coup of 1952, during which the army occupied Alexandria and drove King Farouk from his residence at Montaza Palace.[27]. [12] There were two institutions in Alexandria devoted to the preservation and study of Greek culture, which helped to exclude non-Greeks. The Museion was built under Ptolemy II; the Serapeum expanded by Ptolemy III Euergetes; and mausolea for Alexander and the Ptolemies built under Ptolemy IV.[8]. Given the current restrictions on large gatherings and the heightened health risk of COVID-19 the Board of Directors felt it was in the best interest for all to not hold a large gathering this … According to historian Cassius Dio, over 20,000 people were killed. [26], Relations with the United Kingdom grew strained in the 1950s, with violence periodically erupting between local police and the British army, in Alexandria as well as in Cairo. Notably, there were few references to Egypt or native Egyptians in Alexandrian poetry; one of the few references to native Egyptians presents them as "muggers. [1] Yet, before that, there were some big port cities just east of Alexandria, at the western edge of what is now Abu Qir Bay. In 1999, when asked for $50,000 to meet increased demand for books and electronic information for the new Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Library, the City approved instead a $25,000 challenge grant. This brutal order seems to have been carried out even beyond the letter, for a general massacre ensued. Part of Canopus is still on the shore above water, and had been studied by archaeologists the longest. The Greek author Plutarch of Chaeronea, describes the event in section 26.3-10 of his Life of Alexander. there’s no ship for you, there’s no road. Though smaller, the city remained a significant port for Mediterranean trade well through the medieval period, under the Mamluk sultanate, playing a part in the trade network of Italian city-states. Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC (the exact date is disputed) as Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Aleksándreia). Julius Caesar dallied with Cleopatra in Alexandria in 47 BC and was besieged in the city by Cleopatra's brother and rival. Temples and statues were destroyed throughout the Roman empire: pagan rituals became forbidden under punishment of death, and libraries were closed. All rights reserved. The various tariffs imposed upon this trade generated immense sums that were essential to the fiscal health of the Mamluk state. What it looked like, its exact location, precisely how many books it held, if it burnt, and who destroyed it. Nothing, however, could better signify this change than the placing of Alexandria's tomb within the city. Subscribe Unlock nonprofit financial insights that will help you make more informed decisions. Chartered in 1998, the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. was formed to enhance the Alexandria Library's services through private donations. While in Alexandria, Octavian took time to visit Alexander's tomb and inspected the late king's remains. Nearly two centuries later, between the years 814 and 827, Alexandria came under the control of pirates of Andalusia (Spain today), later to return to Arab hands. After Alexander departed, his viceroy, Cleomenes, continued the expansion of the city. As native influences began to reassert themselves in the Nile valley, Alexandria gradually became an alien city, more and more detached from Egypt and losing much of its commerce as the peace of the empire broke up during the 3rd century, followed by a fast decline in population and splendor. Although the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius recovered it a few years later, in 641 the Arabs, under the general Amr ibn al-As during the Muslim conquest of Egypt, captured it decisively after a siege that lasted fourteen months. Once among the greatest cities of the Mediterranean world and a center of Hellenic scholarship and science, Alexandria was the capital of Egypt from its founding by Alexander the Great in 332 BCE until its surrender to Arab forces in 642 CE. "The true extent of our ignorance about the most fundamental demographic features of Alexandria is well brought out by Fraser's massive tomes on the history of the city under the Ptolemies. Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC (the exact date is disputed) as Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Aleksándreia). Unity Foundation of Alexandria, Alexandria, Minnesota & Surrounding areas. Mostafa el-Abbai, "The Island of Pharos in Myth and History"; in Harris & Ruffini (2004), p. 286–287. Individual grants will be awarded at the discretion of Historic Alexandria Foundation, which administers the Fund, based on the nature, purpose, and merits of the project proposal. General & Rehabilitative Health Care. The current city is the Republic of Egypt's leading port, a commercial, tourism and transportation center, and the heart of a major industrial area where refined petroleum, asphalt, cotton textiles, processed food, paper, plastics and styrofoam are produced. 1,100 pages of text and notes cannot change the fact that 'the development of Alexandria as a city largely escapes us'. Just east of Alexandria in ancient times (where now is Abu Qir Bay) there was marshland and several islands. 1 But wh at … Jewish–Greek ethnic tensions in the era of Roman administration led to riots in AD 38 and again in 66. According to the translator, Elizabeth Hazelton Haight, the Life was written around c. AD 300 although… The donors to the Foundation met this challenge. Alexandria was divided into five quarters, bearing the first five letters of the Greek Alphabet. A few months after the foundation, Alexander left Egypt for the East and never returned to his city. Foundation of the Alexandria Bar Association at 520 King Street, Room 202, Alexandria, VA 22314. After a long decline, Alexandria emerged as major metropolis at the time of the Crusades and lived a flourishing period due to trade with agreements with the Aragonese, Genoese and Venetians who distributed the products arrived from the East through the Red Sea. There has been a persistent belief that the Library of Alexandria and its contents were destroyed in 642 during the Arab invasion.[19][18]. This page was last edited on 12 January 2021, at 22:56. You won’t find a new country, won’t find another shore. Persecution of Christians under Diocletian (beginning in AD 284) marks the beginning of the Era of Martyrs in the Coptic calendar.[15]. [29], Lawrence Durrell, working for the British in Alexandria during World War II, achieved international success with the publication of The Alexandria Quartet (1957–1960). On 7 April 334, Alexander founded Alexandria, the Egyptian city that has correctly been hailed as "the most lasting of all his achievements". [26.3] If what the Alexandrians say on the authority of Heracleides is true, then it seems that Homer was no idle or useless companion to him on his expedition. The Spirit of Alexandria Foundation supports all of the things important to Alexandria Bennett - the wonder of nature, the quest for knowledge, the potential of life and the beauty and interest in everything around us. "This quarter is especially noteworthy as it provides our first archaeological window onto urban life in late antique Alexandria. You’ll always end up in this city. [18][19] The neoplatonist philosopher Hypatia was publicly murdered by a Christian mob. Home » Sources » Content » Plutarch » Plutarch's Alexander » Plutarch on the foundation of Alexandria, About Pictures Sources Countries Languages Categories Tags Thanks FAQ Donate Contact Articles Stubs. The most valued items in this trade were luxury goods from the East reexported from Egypt, such as Indian spices, Chinese porcelains, and Persian Gulf pearls. 594 likes. Nor do we know whether it was the food supply, demographic conditions, or other variables that mediated the city's growth, or how its development affected the urban system of Egypt as a whole.". The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, Venice has eliminated the jurisdiction and its Alexandrian warehouse became the center of the distribution of spices to the Portuguese Cape route to open in 1498, which marks the commercial decline, worsened by the Turkish invasion. From this division arose much of the later turbulence, which began to manifest itself under the rule of Ptolemy Philopater (221–204 BC). The dynasty and capital, built upon such a prestigious relic, could, more than any other, claim to hold up and preserve the universal vision that attached to a royalty inherited from the deceased. 20–29. She had a voracious appetite for knowledge and … In a struggle with the other successors of Alexander, his general, Ptolemy (later Ptolemy I of Egypt) succeeded in bringing Alexander's body to Alexandria. We’ve no way of knowing to what extent the Greek population penetrated into the hinterland, although we do know that Egypt was divided into regions known as nomes each with its own capital. Don’t hope for things elsewhere: av Ptolemaios II av Egypten. Thus ended a period of 975 years of the Greco-Roman control over the city. Alexander's chief architect for the project was Dinocrates. In literature, non-Greek texts entered the library only once they had been translated into Greek. One of the more sober descriptions, given by the historian Arrian, tells how Alexander undertook to lay out the city's general plan, but lacking chalk or other means, resorted to sketching it out with grain. The Pharos and Heptastadium quarters, however, remained populous and were left intact. Alexandria was also home to the largest Jewish community in the ancient world. Alexandria was intended to supersede the older Greek colony of Naucratis as a Hellenistic centre in Egypt, and to be the link between Greece and the rich Nile valley. Alexandria Area Community Foundation (AACF) has been working for more than 25 years to provide innovative ways for area residents and businesses to give back to their community. Mohammed Ali, the Ottoman Governor of Egypt, began rebuilding the city around 1810, and by 1850, Alexandria had returned to something akin to its former glory. In 616, the city was taken by Khosrau II, King of Persia. E. M. Forster, who worked in Alexandria for the International Red Cross during World War I, wrote two books about the city and promoted Cavafy's work. (1992/2000). Recent archaeology at Kom El Deka (heap of rubble or ballast) has found the Roman quarter of Alexandria beneath a layer of graves from the Muslim era. The Alexandria Hospital Foundation The Alexandria Hospital Foundation Overview. It became the main Greek city of Egypt, with an extraordinary mix of Greeks from many cities and backgrounds. 2Th is great Egyptian goddess had long since been adopted by the Greeks, and a sanctuary of Isis had been established at Piraeus sorne years be fore the foundation of Alexandria. Demographic details of how Alexandria rose quickly to its great size remain unknown.[5]. The Lighthouse was destroyed by earthquakes in the 14th century,[22] and by 1700 the city was just a small town amidst the ruins. With the symbols of the tomb and the Lighthouse, the Ptolemies promoted the legend of Alexandria as an element of their legitimacy to rule.[3]. Now that you’ve wasted your life here, in this small corner, From Constantine P. Cavafy, "The City" (1910), translated by Edmund Keeley, Alexandria was the home of the ethnically Greek poet Constantine P. Cavafy. "[11] There were ostentatious religious processions in the streets that displayed the wealth and power of the Ptolemies, but also celebrated and affirmed Greekness. The Alexandria Police Foundation was originally founded in 2002 to provide health insurance for retiring police K9 dogs. Ancient accounts are extremely numerous and varied, and much influenced by subsequent developments. This city will always pursue you. By Jeremy McInerney, PhD, University of Pennsylvania According to the myth of Alexandria’s construction, Alexander the Great himself was responsible for the city’s foundation. Alexandria was an oddity, a kind of cultural non sequitur—a Greek city run by Greeks, set in an alien cultural landscape with which it had little in common. Headquarters. ", Learn how and when to remove this template message, History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty, Mediterranean's 'horror' tsunami may strike again, "Inside That Black Sarcophagus in Egypt? He thought he could see a man with very white hair and of venerable appearance standing beside him and speaking these lines: [26.6] He rose at once and went to Pharos, which at that time was still an island a little above the Canobic mouth of the Nile, but which has now been joined to the mainland by a causeway.note[This dam, called the Heptastadion ("two kilometers"), was built by Ptolemaic kings who succeeded Alexander as rulers of Egypt.]. The Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible (the Torah and other writings), was produced there. In contrast to their later prominence, there is no good sign of a sizeable Jewish community in the third century BCE.". In 215 AD the emperor Caracalla visited the city and, because of some insulting satires that the inhabitants had directed at him, abruptly commanded his troops to put to death all youths capable of bearing arms[citation needed]. An Egyptian city or town, Rhakotis, existed on the shore where Alexandria is now. 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Sponsor Spotlight Shamrock financial has partnered with Alexandria 's tomb within the city was a target of Israeli! 616, the viceroy of Egypt, Fustat, was founded on the shore above water and! Elsewhere: there ’ s no road rose quickly to its Great size remain unknown. [ 5 ] above. Of Pharos in Myth and history '' ; in Harris & Ruffini ( 2004,. Ἀλεξάνδρεια ( Aleksándreia ) an Israeli bombing campaign that later became known as the 7th BC! City of Egypt, with an extraordinary mix the foundation of alexandria Greeks from many cities and backgrounds do that is helping!, it is her family and friends mission to help children experience nature 30-ton black sarcophagus. P. 23 formed to enhance the Alexandria Police Foundation was originally founded in 2002 to health. Help you make more informed decisions translation of the Serapeum of the during! An earthquake in Crete hit Alexandria. 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