These quotations have been selected and compiled by Alpha History authors. In the beginning, classes were interrupted from time to time; the teachers began to get worried and did not know what to do. We know the lessons of history.” They use the Chinese word for "river crab", which sounds like "harmony", as a way of criticising the government without falling foul of the censors. That was justification enough for torturing someone. The very beginning of the Cultural Revolution in China immediately led to violent mass chaos in June 1966. The CCP’s May 16th circular, 1966, “Raise high the great red flag of Mao Zedong Thought, unite around the Party and Chairman Mao, and crush all kinds of constraints and subversive plots of revisionism… to carry the socialist revolution to the end. But these vintage posters, issued during the Cultural Revolution, show a time in China's past when the state saw the movement … Mr Wang set about making sure the courts obeyed the three supremes doctrine. Deng Xiaoping, speaking in 1993. By employing the frameworks of McGee's discussion on the relationship between ideology and ideographs, Wander's approach to the identification of fact and negation in cultural analysis, and by addressing Arendt's question on the process of indoctrination in totalitarian regimes, this study examines the use of political slogans in Communist China from the early 1960s to the late 1980s. Mao Zedong, 1967, “I won’t be happy till I die. Mao's policies combined with natural disasters contributed to the deaths of up to 30 million people. Cultural revolution slogans on an old wall. During his tumultuous three decades in power, Mao elevated political sloganeering to an art form. An unnamed Red Guard during the Cultural Revolution, “We were told that we needed to use violence to destroy a class, spiritually and physically. The Cultural Revolution. They weren’t considered human anymore. Some are blatantly leftist while the effect of others can still be felt 40 years on… It is forbidden to forbid. .css-14iz86j-BoldText{font-weight:bold;}China is marking 120 years since the birth of former leader Mao Zedong. "Dare to think, dare to speak, dare to act" was the exhortation used by Mao to encourage the peasants to follow his lead. These kinds of phrases are often represented by four characters in Chinese and have been deployed by leaders for more than 2,000 years. Academics still argue over the campaign: was it a genuine attempt at opening up that went too far, or a cynical ploy to encourage "counter-revolutionaries" to reveal themselves? That’s basically how it works.” However, perhaps a victim of its own success, the harmonious society has since been widely lampooned by Chinese web users. The Cultural Revolution threw up an endless stream of slogans, including "to rebel is justified", which was very much the companion of "smash the four olds". But that is problematic because other people can latch on to it, so you can have the Chinese dream of constitutionalism, or the Chinese dream of social harmony.". First he quietly dropped references to "class struggle", the ubiquitous slogan printed in newspapers and hanging from banners for the previous 12 years. I’ve never lived a good day in my life. Trouvez les China Cultural Revolution images et les photos d’actualités parfaites sur Getty Images. Instead, newspapers and posters were now filled with the "four modernisations", a pithy policy platform proposed in the 1960s but never enacted under Mao. Production in factories was lowered because of the workers' … After Mao's death, a power struggle broke out at the highest levels of leadership. Save Comp. Mao Zedong was 70 per cent good and 30 per cent bad.” All levels of Party cadre must b especially aware of this point.” The phrase was deployed by Mao, possibly in the 1930s, so the new leadership could reuse it and claim legitimacy. Propaganda posters at the time portrayed them as traitors. One of the first serious historical studies of the Cultural Revolution was undertaken by Hong Yung Lee (The Politics of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, 1978). If we do not clean it up, it will be harmful to the affairs of the people.” The campaign, which formally ended in 1976, cost hundreds of thousands of lives. Despite its association with the disastrous Great Leap Forward, Mao's supporters continued to use the phrase for years after. They had more learning – but we had more truth.” Jiang Qing died in 1991; she had apparently killed herself. It might sound like a Motown group, but in Hu Jintao's mind it was a way of controlling an increasingly reform-minded judiciary. The Cultural Revolution would thus give them a chance to experience revolution. I came to America for liberty, not equality. cultural revolution of our country, analyses the situation at home and abroad and sets forth the fighting tasks hereafter for the whole Party, the whole army and the whole nation. pixels inches cm. In an attempt to again garner support, Mao called for a great reformation that would oust those who doubted h… It is the favoured slogan of Xi Jinping, who took over as paramount leader in early 2013. "It is an ancient Chinese philosophical concept, but during the [late 1970s] reform period, it really takes off," says Dr Altehenger. If they were the enemy, they deserved to be strangled to death, and they deserved to be tortured. The Cultural Revolution began to slow down in 1967, and ended in 1969. It can be used anywhere as long as the masses are there: city, village, factory, commune, store, government office, school, military unity and street. Mao Zedong, 1967, “Some people say that China loves peace. The Cultural Revolution (Timeline) Main dates of the Great Chaos that began on May 6, 1966, when the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was launched, and ended on October 6, 1976, when the Gang of Four was arrested. The Cultural Revolution threw up an endless stream of slogans, including "to rebel is justified", which was very much the companion of "smash the four olds". The symbols and slogans of the Cultural Revolution are certainly striking and memorable – they were designed to be so! You have my warmest and fullest support.” Mao's designated successor, Hua Guofeng, took over all the formal roles of leadership, but faced opposition from Mao's wife Jiang Qing and three of her allies. Deputies at China's parliament (NPC) first proposed for his harmonious society to be included in the constitution in 2005, but he is still waiting. A big character poster from 1966, “If the father is a hero, the son is a real man. That is what the Cultural Revolution did. In this work, Lee argued that the Cultural Revolution began as a conflict between party elites, but expanded rapidly into a conflict between elites and the masses. An unnamed Red Guard at the height of the Cultural Revolution, “The purpose of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is to destroy the old culture. Inside the world's richest e-sports player's mansion. A Ming dynasty village outside Beijing, revolutionary propaganda from the 60s on the ancient wall of a courtyard house . Here are 11 slogans that transformed China. Although Mao's successors have shaken off many of his more extreme doctrines, they continue to deploy slogans at a dizzying rate. Deng Xiaoping was quick to set China on course for economic reform. Since then, the interests of the party have reigned supreme over the other two supremes. The state should ensure to the masses the right to use these forms to create a political situation.” The campaign was known as the Great Leap Forward, and it was a great failure. Mao Zedong, 1958, “[The play] Hai Rui Dismissed from Office is not a fragrant flower but a poisonous weed… Its influence is great and its poison widespread. Mao often plundered classical Chinese works and employed rhythmic phrases to get his message across. My scars will never heal.” But unlike some of Mao's classically inspired phrases, there appears to be little deeper resonance. Slogans from the Cultural Revolution on the campus of Fudan University, Shanghai. As far as unmistakable counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs of the socialist cause are concerned, the matter is easy, we simply deprive them of their freedom of speech," he .css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link{color:#3F3F42;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{font-weight:700;border-bottom:1px solid #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:focus{border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-width:2px;color:#B80000;}@supports (text-underline-offset:0.25em){.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline #BABABA;text-decoration:underline #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.25em;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:focus{-webkit-text-decoration-color:currentcolor;text-decoration-color:currentcolor;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#B80000;}}said in a speech. Hua was himself usurped by Deng Xiaoping, who ushered in an era of reform. "The party must always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China," he said. Mao encouraged attacks on virtually all forms of authority in an attempt to create permanent revolution. Royalty-Free Stock Photo. Naturally he does not take my hands and make them do things the way he wishes others to do… We have lived together but he is the silent type. Download preview. .css-1xgx53b-Link{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#FFFFFF;}.css-1xgx53b-Link:hover,.css-1xgx53b-Link:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}Read about our approach to external linking. Mr Hu effectively shut down the discussion of legal reforms by appointing as Supreme Court president Wang Shengjun, an apparatchik with no legal training. Phrases like this have forebears in debates going back to the 2nd Century BC, when legal experts framed such maxims as "follow the constancy of nature" and "comply with the four seasons". In the mid 1960s Mao wanted to regain his position within the CCP, so the Cultural Revolution was in part motivated by a power struggle at the very top of the Party. Dr Altehenger says it is a broad concept and presumes that there is an objective truth. "Let a hundred flowers bloom; let a hundred schools of thought contend" was borrowed from a phase in the Warring States period, which ended in 221 BC. They were associated with the excesses of the Cultural Revolution, and were quickly arrested and purged. Big character poster, 1978, “Your action indicates that you are expressing hatred and denunciation of landowners, the bourgeoisie, imperialism, revisionists and their running dogs who exploit workers, peasants, revolutionary intellectuals and parties. In reality, whoever is running the show can dictate its meaning. My mother was beaten to death, my father was left senseless, and I still have to beg for everything. Just as the earth 'revolves' around the sun every year, nations also undergo periodical moments of change. Effects. "Seek truth from facts" is a good example. Due to the light and screen difference, the item's color may be slightly different from the pictures. Mark Rutte's cabinet is to resign after families were wrongly accused and many faced financial problems. He was trying to reassert his authority after the Great Leap Forward had seriously damaged his reputation. It was eventually incorporated into the preamble of China's constitution: "Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the people's democratic dictatorship and the socialist road, persevere in reform and opening to the outside world.". Royalty-Free Stock Photo. In the case of the People's Republic of China, which exists today as a Communist state, the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolutio… The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The concept of "Serving the People", together with other slogans such as "Never benefit oneself, always benefit others" and "Tireless struggle" became core principles of the Communist Party of China. It exhorted young cadres to destroy anything regarded as "old" - loosely defined as old ideas, customs, culture, and habits. There is a decided possibility of a coup involving killings, seizure of power and restoration of the capitalist class, and of attempts to eliminate the socialist way… We must not be paralysed in our thoughts. In the frenetic campaign which ensued, the cult of Mao was elevated to a pitch surpassing even Stalin’s cult. In fact, the Chinese love struggle. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. But when the criticism came, it was widespread and vitriolic. Some believe millions died in violence related to the Cultural Revolution. What he said to bite, I bit.” Jennifer Altehenger, of King's College in London, says in Western minds this is most closely associated with images of youths destroying temples. Essentially, the Chinese dream can mean anything to anyone. However, there are other measures of success. And through the poisonous decade that followed, until Mao's death in 1976, common slogans were ''Long live the victory of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution… If the father is a reactionary, the son is a bastard. “Bright” colours are used in many of the posters and red appears a lot as “it is the colour of communism and revolution,” she adds. Today I am so happy that my heart is about to burst… I have decided to make today my birthday. Zhou Enlai, August 1966, “Speaking out freely, airing views fully, holding great debates and writing big-character posters are a new form of carrying on socialist revolution created by the masses. File Size. It is unfixable. Comrades, I have seen Chairman Mao! “The Beats are crucial to an understanding of America's cultural revolution not least because in their lives, their proclamations, and (for lack of a more accurate term) their 'work' they anticipated so many of the pathologies of the Sixties and Seventies. For example, massive projects to develop the western cities of Qinghai and Urumqi fall under its banner. The slogan says "Long live the triumph of Chairman Mao's revolutionary line of literature and art!" Cultural Revolution versus a society of robots. The delegates who have come from different fighting posts Lin Biao, 1966, “The representatives of the capitalist class who have infiltrated our party, our government, our armed forces and various cultural groups are actually a batch of counter-revolutionary revisionists… They are Khrushchev types and they are sleeping right next to us. It has been widely used and should be used indefinitely.” The most famous featured caricatures of their faces with a red cross through it, stating: "Decisively Throw Out the Wang-Zhang-Jiang-Yao Anti-Party Clique!". It contains 183,984 words in 268 pages. He was much more of a technocrat than an inspirational poet-warrior in the mould of Mao. Condition: Good condition withno wood stand. Role during the Cultural Revolution. You cannot stop us!” The Ninth National Party Congress was a meeting where the end of the Cultural Revolution was announced. .css-orcmk8-HeadlineContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;}Dutch government to quit over welfare fraud scandal.css-1dedj2h-Rank{-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;color:#B80000;margin-left:3.125rem;}1, 'Violent gust of wind' caused Grand Canyon crash2, Nazi camp no place for sledging, authorities warn3, Biden starts with brand new Potus Twitter account4, The 69-year-old trolled for her 'too sexy' photos5, North Korea unveils new submarine-launched missile6, NYC bendy bus left drooping from overpass7, Rise and fall of the Spanish state's secret fixer8, Uganda president in early lead as rival cries foul9, Biden unveils $1.9tn US economic relief package10. The crucial slogan during the Great Leap Forward, a two-year campaign where Mao encouraged peasants to join together in collective farms. But crackdowns on free speech and repression in Tibet and Xinjiang have also been put into the same family of ideas. … "In their work, the grand judges and grand procurators shall always regard as supreme the party's cause, the people's interest, and the constitution and law," he said. But Chairman Mao is dearest of all.” Junior school oath, circa 1967 But the movement escalated and many older people and intellectuals were physically abused; many of them died. Power to the Imagination. Mao Slogans. VideoInside the world's richest e-sports player's mansion. For a decade, the Chinese Cultural Revolution thoroughly wrecked the economy, uprooted traditions, destroyed social trust by turning family members on each other, and worst of all, killed well more than a million people. As such, Mao's power in his party and in his country was greatly weakened. The Cultural Revolution caused a lot of problems in China. Your actions suggest that your rebellion… is justified. Chinese Communist Party history text, 1981, “Some think that… inciting the people [during the Cultural Revolution] is democracy. Junior school oath, circa 1967, “We will swing a big stick, demonstrate magic, exhibit supernatural power, turn heaven and earth upside down. But during the period agricultural production collapsed. He also instituted the "socialism with Chinese characteristics" idea, which allowed the leadership much more flexibility to deviate from Marxist dogma. Most of all, he is a strict teacher to me. We must rely on the activists among them.” That criticism of the Cultural Revolution are certainly striking and memorable – they were to. Struggle broke out at the highest levels of leadership 's mansion in violence related to light! `` reform and opening up '' today my birthday view, rhetoric played a central role in rallying both party! 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