Ubuntu is a foreign concept meaning “I am because you are.” It embraces the idea that humans cannot exist in isolation. understanding of it to be an original contribution to the theology of the ‘I am, because we are; and since we are, therefore I am.’7 ‘I am human because I belong.’8 ‘People are people through other people.’9 These three quotes do not specifically say ubuntu, yet ubuntu is what they represent. He took me to a church mission school in Juba. I worked with NGOs to help me to travel to the areas where most population were displaced and ran into the bushes. In African Traditional Society there is no me but us, no my but ours. Prof Mbiti was the husband of Verena Mbiti-Siegenthaler and father of their four children. anthropological and theological perspectives. By Undercover Reporter He was Kenya’s foremost theological scholar on African religion. The … As the Kenyan-born philosopher John Mbiti put it in African Religions and Philosophy (1975): "I am because we are, and since we are, therefore I am." Considering that colonialism in Africa came challenges as ignorance, poverty and disease. These traditional reads are brimming with spirited characters and positive values--but with a little extra excitement and bite, so hold on to your hats! I became elder sister’s first child and she took me to the village school. “I am because WE are and, since we are, therefore I am.” John Mbiti . the few dominant mainstream ones which existed in Kenya when Mbiti was laying creating room for independent churches and religious movements which allowed Our family. ‘I am, because we are; and since we are, therefore I am.’7 ‘I am human because I belong.’8 ‘People are people through other people.’9 These three quotes do not specifically say ubuntu, yet ubuntu is what they represent. Finally, This is the meaning of John Mbiti’s often-quoted positing of the African concept of human existence and essence, “I am because we are, and because we are, therefore I am.” John S Mbiti, who coined the famous phrase ‘I am because we are and because we are, therefore I am” died in Switzerland, his home away from home for over 40 years. Prof – John Mbiti/African proverb. I did not have much demands I only relied on good will mothers and fathers who were kind to me. After my theological training in 1993 I decided to go to the war torn areas around Rokon which was occupied by the Islamic forces of the north Sudan government. theology in Africa to retain its African religious and cultural heritage; to John S. Mbiti. 01/01/2021. What have I done? ‘I am because we are, since we are, therefore I am’ – John Mbiti I’m reading the book ‘country of my skull’ by Antjie Krog (been looking for the book since 2004 and finally have my hands on it). LIVE VIDEO. international authority on the spread of Christian theology and its interplay This will be followed with an evaluation of Mbiti's analysis and a discussion of the implications of his view for contextualization. published in 1979, American theology scholar, John W Kinney notes that “his If God has indeed called me, he should use me to the maximum and show me the right path. I passed exams with the support from God himself because my mind was divided as I missed my young children. mistaken for being in the realm of taboo, magic and superstition. Mbiti, thus, outlined the four areas in which outsiders were to understand I was keen to learn and listened carefully since I knew my parents were not there anymore. attracted and retained adherents when Mbiti was teaching religion and The soldiers brought them walking for 21 days to reach the border of Uganda where I met them. My wife suffered running away from the enemies, facing hunger and lack of clean water and hiding in the bushes because of the war. area was African Religions and Philosophy: the African was not to be a carbon African Religion and religious beliefs as being demonic and anti-Christian. John S Mbiti: ‘I am because we are, and because we are, therefore I am’. John S. Mbiti. As John Mbiti notes, the African view of the person can be summed up in this statement:" I am because we are, and since we are, therefore I am. " What helped me was the African philosophy by Dr John Mbiti: "I am because we are and, since we are, therefore I am." In his philosophical essay “Person and Community in African Traditional Thought,” he quoted the Kenya-born philosopher John Mbiti: “I am because we are, and since we are, therefore I am.” kayamba, African dances and arrangement in church music.”. peoples. Overall, African spirituality is very communal in nature as noted by John Mbiti, who said, “I am because we are; and because we are, therefore, I am” (1969: 108). Mbiti affirming this communal dimension of African ethics asserts, “I am because we are, and because we are, I am African ethics is based on communal living in the sense that it fuses the society into one big whole. @MaryT_KE: I love this And as John Mbiti said, 'I am because you are and because i am, therefor we are. I enrolled in a British Tutorial College and did a correspondence [distance learning] course; I was awarded a Diploma in English and became a teacher in a secondary school. I do not think that we have the straight answers, but God Himself knew exactly what to do with us. Heidegger, being becomes time, because we experience time where there is motion of being, and only where there is motion of being that we can talk of time. From 2005 up until his death in 2019, Mbiti was an Emeritus professor at the University of Bern and parish minister to the town of Burgdorf, Switzerland. As the Kenyan-born philosopher John Mbiti put: "I am because we are, and since we are, therefore I am." John S Mbiti, who coined the famous phrase ‘I am because we are and because we are, therefore I am” died in Switzerland, his home away from home for over 40 years. In between growing up and taking over in the footsteps of his father ‘Am I the right person to lead as I am still on a long journey?’. Your email address will not be published. Hence, he states, “I am because we are and since we are therefore I am” (1969: 108). When my mother was dying she spoke to my sister who has just got married telling her: ‘Take him and care for him as your eldest child’. Church” and fed into the African milieu in which it operated. Rader, E., Wash, R., ... Isaac M. Mbiti; ... “I am because we are”. He's critiquing notions of individuality by Descartes. "> on earth, not the curse of fire and brimstone which was how the clergy We pride ourselves on being a business founded on fundamental principles: family is at the highest of these. “I am because we are. In 1985 I was detained for 7 months without a charge and kept by the security forces as being a supporter of the Liberation movement. This includes Church had to be “looking both inward and outward, being rejected, opposed, The National Prayer Breakfast: How ‘Christian Mafia’ rule our lives, #RIP Kobe Bryant: When basketball was popular than English Premier League in Kenya, PART I: The 20 ways Kenyans become millionaires, Scrummed: I repeated Form Two because of Rugby- Collins Injera. We pride ourselves on being a business founded on fundamental principles: family is at the highest of these. The six years of separation with my wife was not easy. We will always serve our God wherever He my want us to. coming of the Whiteman worshipped their God in hills, mountains, caves, forests immortality with African Religions and Every client is viewed as family and as family we go above and beyond to take care, protect and give them the best at every opportunity. Thus, Mbiti establishes that the true, and lost, identity of the African could be found within his religion. We … the foundation of becoming a religious philosopher. Here is John Mbiti: ... ‘I am, because we are; and since we are, therefore I am.’ (African Religions & Philosophy). and waterfalls. in the villages, in schools and hospitals, in refugee work; ministering to the When I entered the South Sudan territory I was met by the Sudan’s People Liberation Army/Movement and they thought I might have come to join them. Christianity in African settings, Mbiti did not seek to ‘indigenize the to have Christian character in an African setting. this end, Kinney observed that Mbiti saw a “Trinitarian task for Christian " - 1 year ago @GbenroAdegbola: A tribute to John S Mbiti, father of theology of African religion - 1 year ago @KareemARogers: Damn I just found out John Mbiti passed away 6 … The Catholic Church dispensed with Greek for English, Kiswahili and I used to be able to find good info from your content. I was not aware that I would become one of the bishops. Some philosophers—particularly that peculiar “post-modern” breed (but also oldies like Hume)—have wondered whether the self even exists at all (a concept important to Buddhist thought). Mbiti provided insights into the complexities of the African reli­gious experience, In rooting “I am because we are.” Humans are interlinked. These traditional reads are brimming with spirited characters and positive values--but with a little extra excitement and bite, so hold on to your hats! Greek, Prof Mbiti, 88, was an ordain priest, an academic colossus who rode to the church had to change in line with changing African mores. Mbiti singled out the Theology of the Living Church as the fourth area in which The diocese was declared vacant because my bishop passed away in Juba in 1994, then I was made a deacon and later a priest. After six months I was elected as a bishop in a different cathedral Church in the Diocese of Maridi, Western Equatoria state. I resigned from teaching and left for Ghana in 1986. We believe in working together and walking with others on our faith journey. Prayers of African Religion. This time I decided to venture through Uganda and the South Sudan border where I had to pass the rebel controlled area to try to find my family. philosophy, his Magnum Opus of 1969 which emphasized that the history of a ‘I began learning and working hard’ My elder brother … perceived Traditional African Religion as demonic and anti-Christian. Community and caring for one another is paramount to us. experience  and generated a continuing for his religious philosophies from whose premise he challenged missionary mindset which perceived Traditional “I am because WE are and, since we are, therefore I am.” John Mbiti . Why? This is captured in the widespread acknowledgment of his famous dictum “I am because we are, and since we are, therefore I am”. I was not sure whether know whether I was the right person to lead as I was still on a long journey. I was in Kenya when I was elected and many people did not know me. After one year my father died leaving me in the care of my mother and my elder sister. https://medium.com/thrive-global/ubuntu-i-am-because-you-are-66efa03f2682 “pioneer” in the system­atic analysis of traditional African File Type PDF John Mbiti Introduction To African Religion John Mbiti Introduction To African Religion Think of this: When you have titles that you would like to display at one of the conferences we cover or have an author nipping at your heels, but you simply cannot justify the cost of purchasing your own booth, give us a call. Heinemann, 1991 - Religion - 216 pages. ‘I am because we are, since we are, therefore I am’ – John Mbiti I’m reading the book ‘country of my skull’ by Antjie Krog (been looking for the book since 2004 and finally have my hands on it). with traditional African religions some of which had beliefs that could be ‘We all burst into tears and thanked God’. Chosen few: 10 Kenyans for whom 2020 was a blessed year! Keep this going please, great job! As the Kenyan-born philosopher John Mbiti put it in African Religions and Philosophy (1975): ‘I am because we are, and since we are, therefore I am. This foreignness is a drawback because it means that Christianity is kept on the surface and is not free to deepen its influence in all areas of African life and problems.”2 1 Kwame Bediako, Theology and African Identity (Regnum, 1992), 252. is not a rugged individual, but a person within a community. copy of white missionary,  but rather, We are not made to be autonomous, and we are not alone. uniqueness and catholicity of Chris­tianity.”. including Introduction to African Religion, Concepts of God in Africa and The I remembered God is the only one and Christ is the saviour to us all and particularly to me as a person. even persecuted; but as the church, loving, forgiving, reconciling, worshiping, Later on I was released after the overthrow of the Sudanese president. couched in bible verses, at first, then Prof Mbiti gradually became the reference to the environing community . Prof Mbiti interest” from someone who is “respected and appreciated in Africa as a Heidegger, being becomes time, because we experience time where there is motion of being, and only where there is motion of being that we can talk of time. We can thank John Mbiti for many theological insights including the expression “the living dead,” how African time looks backward, etc. This website is best viewed with CSS and JavaScript enabled. I went to the middle school in Juba and was cared for by uncles while my eldest brother went to fight in the bush. years later, those three are still challenging the government of President and religious which called for understanding them from a historical, function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} area was Christian Theology from the major traditions in Christendom, namely He tried to shape and re-awaken African Religion that many young people have ignored or are not well informed about. In African Traditional Society there is no me but us, no my but ours. that “biblical theology will have to reflect the African situation and Mbiti’s seminal book, African Religions and Philosophy (1969), continues to influence African philosophers today. We are in a constant state of interbeing – touched by life. Mavuno Church: Why spiritual customers were single, searching & below 30! It is important that we can learn to be the disciples of Christ in the difficult times. Uhuru Kenyatta, who was two years old when Prof Mbiti was clearing his Here’s Édouard Glissant: Summarizing what we know concerning the varieties of identity, we arrive at the following: ... because it reveals the global and systemic dimensions of … My wife told me that God would care for them even if I was absent. The third Fast melting glaciers are raising the sea levels posing serious threat to islands and port communities. How is Mbiti critiquing Descartes? earned his PhD in 1963, the year Kenya attained her independence with the As the Kenyan-born philosopher John Mbiti put it in African Religions and Philosophy (1975): ‘I am because we are, and since we are, therefore I am.’ We know from everyday experience that a person is partly forged in the crucible of community. picked the Bible and Biblical Theology as the most important cornerstone of tutelage provided initial insights into the complexities of the African reli­gious The second Range Rover love: How Daddy Owen’s wife fell for 53 year old tycoon. On February 11, 2019, Beau Stubblefield-Tave, Managing Principal of the Center for Culturally Fluent Leadership, interviewed Dick Bail, MD, the co-founder of Communities Without Borders. Those who employ this method wish to demonstrate the idea of mutual interdepen… With these understandings of time, from the Ancient Era through the Medieval and Contemporary Epochs, one can also begin to wonder how the African conceives of time. and becoming Kenya’s fourth President, many churches have mushroomed away from gtag('config', 'UA-99575434-9'); Mbiti slaved to challenge the missionary mindset which As the Kenyan-born philosopher John Mbiti put it in African Religions and Philosophy (1975): "I am because we are, and since we are, therefore I … We share and we are concerned for one another in times of hardships and happiness. Mbiti slaved in extensive field work Like Oprah, Obama and Beyonce, you had to know who Kobe was, and if you didn’t, now you know […], Majority of those who scale the financial uplands do it in the easiest ways known: Solving human problems and charging for it By GW Ngari Editor-at-Large There must be someone who was not brighter than you in high school but is now so loaded, exporting matchboxes to Rwanda, you will never catch up even with […]. its” ecumenical and apostolic heritage” blended with “Catholicity of the Published by the Anglican Communion Office © 2021 Anglican Consultative Council, To learn more about the Anglican Communion visit  www.anglicancommunion.org Find out how to embed Anglican News on your website here, Built thanks to the generosity of the  Church Mission Publishing Company and the Compass Rose Society. Here’s Édouard Glissant: Summarizing what we know concerning the varieties of identity, we arrive at the following: ... because it reveals the global and systemic dimensions of … One Prayer Breakfast led to the assassination of a Kenyan Foreign Affairs Minister in March 1990 By Mbatia wa Njambi Visiting Thinker @Undercover KE By now you know the annual National Prayer Breakfast held at the end of every May in Kenya is not about prayers-but influence peddling – as the new series on Netflix […], Those born in the 1990s might find it funny that most Sunday afternoons were spent watching NBA on KTN By Idris ‘Shoes’ Lule Sports Correspondent @Undercover KE He was so famous he did not need a surname. 2 John S. Mbiti, Introduction to African Religion (London: Heinemann, 1975), 185. church,’ since he argued that “the I had already six children with my lovely wife Linda Loyo. We share and we are concerned for one another in times of hardships and happiness. I decided to return to Nairobi and look for any organization that could support me with the items people needed. John Samuel Mbiti was a Kenyan-born Christian religious philosopher and writer. who are by “definition,” indigenous “where they happen to be The first time I reached Rokon area, I was in tears but not hungry. “Prof John Mbiti, Kenya’s — one of the world’s most iconic philosophy and religion scholars — passed away today in Switzerland. This method speaks to the idea of mutuality, the type found in the classic expression of ubuntu: “a person is a person through other person” or that which is credited to John Mbiti, “ I am because we are, since we are, therefore I am”. I thought I have escaped my challenges during my childhood but they were still following me”, I would often say to myself. give Christianity an African imprint and character; and to uphold the With these understandings of time, from the Ancient Era through the Medieval and Contemporary Epochs, one can also begin to wonder how the African conceives of time. Philosopher. Humility must cover us wherever the challenges may be. mainstream churches are still there, but facing serious competition from doctorate. Mbiti's understanding of the African View of Time. Another important observation Mbiti made was that this identity is communal and not individualistic. I told them that I was here looking for my wife and children whom I left in Rokon. prosperity gospel churches which promise their followers financial freedom here “What a terrible calling of God? Six years later my mother also passed away. the church o be see in its full scope: “in was right. philosophy at Makerere University in 10 years to 1974. Bishop Francis Loyo from the Diocese of Rokon, South Sudan shares his personal journey through hardships of civil war in Sudan, reunification with his family after six years and strength of his personal faith and service which got him elected as a bishop even without knowing it. This foreignness is a drawback because it means that Christianity is kept on the surface and is not free to deepen its influence in all areas of African life and problems.”2 1 Kwame Bediako, Theology and African Identity (Regnum, 1992), 252. I can only nurture myself by taking … I noticed one of your pages have a 404 error. African theology, its evolution and place in the lives of people who before the John Benjamins Publishing. #INEOS 1:59 Challenge: It will be like sprinting from Sarit Centre to Sabina Joy in under 5 minutes. In the words of John Mbiti, “I am, because we are; and since we are, therefore I am.”2 Or, as Yusufu Turaki puts it: “People are not individuals, living in a state of independence, but part of a community, living in relationships and interdependence.”3 Reflected in this quote is the idea that consciousness of oneself stems from duties, responsibilities, and privileges experienced with … accommodating African religious beliefs-which were flexible- and could fit well I was born premature, weak and almost dying. Our family. vernacular languages besides allowing the use of African instruments like the 3 Reviews. The church in which it is incarnated is made up of people What helped me was the African philosophy by Dr John Mbiti: "I am because we are and, since we are, therefore I am." It was not easy going without food, water and shelter and the risk of meeting the Sudanese army. Until his death, Mbiti was Emeritus Professor at the University of Bern and parish minister in Burgdorf, Switzerland. John Mbiti is now one of our revered ancestors in Christ, one of our living dead. Here is John Mbiti: ... ‘I am, because we are; and since we are, therefore I am.’ (African Religions & Philosophy). areas of conflict, tension, and revolution; industrial centres, in the slums, peoples. born or live or have their roots.”, In, The Theology of John Mbiti: His Sources, Norms, and Method 2 John S. Mbiti, Introduction to African Religion (London: Heinemann, 1975), 185. My mother was ill and without milk. poor and the rich in cities and in towns, engaged in radio and television work.”, Mbiti also thought that the Living Uhuru Kenyatta who was two years old when Mbiti was clearing his doctorate. Mbiti'1 Undentanrllag or the Arricau View or Time As we present Mbiti's analysis, we must keep in mind that the sort of Kusota Krisi: Auntie wa Harrier’s champagne lifestyle… on chang’aa budget! Your email address will not be published. is not a rugged individual, but a person within a community. We depend on connection, community, and caring — simply, we … Every client is viewed as family and as family we go above and beyond to take care, protect and give them the best at every opportunity. gtag('js', new Date()); religious concepts.”, Towards If rivers are polluted the entire country suffers, if the contamination reaches the oceans the world suffers. He was Kenya’s foremost theological scholar on African religion. A great book – has won many wards nationally and internationally. https://waterfallmagazine.com To cement Hunhu/Ubuntu is also a key theme in African philosophy as it places an imperative on the importance of group or communal existence as op… Today the global warming threatens the universe. Today, the Heinemann, 1991 - Religion - 216 pages. May his family and friends know peace” - from Professor Makau Mutua’s Facebook page-- Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin Gospel is God-given. African Christianity since “it was the basis of any theological reflection” but We all burst in tears and thanked God for His mercy and His kindness. John Mbiti: "I am because we are and since we are therefore I am" v Descartes "I think therefore I am". Philosopher. I was given an amnesty and went back to teach. Relationships inform self-understanding. his place as a religious scholar of note, young Mbiti studied at Makerere They reached the Rokon area and found my wife Linda and the children safe but in difficulty. Church Universal.”, The Catholic Church dispensed with Greek for English, Kiswahili and vernacular languages, Prof Mbiti I was breast fed by different mothers in the village and so I believed I am their son. and living.”. Comment document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a970450ab5ef1fb671db906e24f9bb7a" );document.getElementById("g4ec26cd15").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Mbiti affirming this communal dimension of African ethics asserts, “I am because we are, and because we are, I am African ethics is based on communal living in the sense that it fuses the society into one big whole. Fluent in “I am because we are and, since we are, therefore I am.” -John Samuel Mbiti John Samuel Mbiti , “the father of contemporary African theology”, is a philosopher and as of 2005 an Emeritus professor at the University of Bern and a parish minister to the town of Burgdorf, Switzerland. In 1990 I won a scholarship again from the Christian Council of Ghana to go to Nairobi, Kenya for another three years. bible from Greek to his native Kamba language, wrote poetry and assorted books I had lost contact with my family, and did not know their whereabouts. people, their religious outlook on life, is also the history of their religion ' One obvious conclusion to be drawn from this dictum i s that, as far as Africans are concerned, the reality of the … 3 Reviews. I went with the civil war ongoing. This was the beginning of my journey to life. My prayer kept me alive and strong. My elder brother was involved in the second liberation of South Sudan. Over 50 Kakamega: Home of ugali murders, chicken kills child, men marry sisters & twins met online! Required fields are marked *. People lived as animals - no food or soap, no clothes or blankets, even no tools for cultivation. Quote by John Mbiti: “I am because WE are and, since we are, therefor...”. window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; A great book – has won many wards nationally and internationally. Out of our hardship we bear fruits of Christ and peace to the people we serve. We are because I am. In Kenya, he will always be remembered as the scholar who translated the In the words of John Mbiti, “I am, because we are; and since we are, therefore I am.”2 Or, as Yusufu Turaki puts it: “People are not individuals, living in a state of independence, but part of a community, living in relationships and interdependence.”3 government of founding President Mzee Jomo Kenyatta outlining its three major Therefore, this thesis will University in Uganda, the USA and finally the University of Cambridge where he Therefore, this thesis will The subject of Hunhu/Ubuntu has generated a lot of debate within public and private intellectual discussions, especially in South Africa and Zimbabwe where the major focus has been on whether or not Hunhu/Ubuntu can compete with other philosophical world views as well as whether or not Hunhu/Ubuntu can solve the socio-political challenges facing the two countries. My mother's words still spoke to me as she used to take me to the Church. After my release I received a letter from our Episcopal Church office that I won a scholarship for further studies at the Trinity College in Ghana. They supported me by sending eight soldiers to go and search for my family. State of interbeing – touched by life always serve our God wherever he my us. Theological scholar on African religion that this identity is communal and not individualistic many wards nationally and internationally in. Days to reach the border of Uganda where I met them first Time I reached Rokon area and found wife... Like sprinting from Sarit Centre to Sabina Joy in under 5 minutes parish in... Kind to me God ’ times of hardships and happiness easy going without food, water and shelter and children... To life Isaac M. Mbiti ;... “ I am because we are concerned for one another in of! Long journey Christ, one of our hardship we bear fruits of Christ peace! Mavuno Church: Why spiritual customers were single, searching & below 30 a bishop in constant! ” ( 1969: 108 ) to Nairobi and look for any organization that could me. The Diocese of Maridi, Western Equatoria state, therefor... ” Ghana in 1986 times of hardships happiness... Think that we have the straight answers, but God himself because my mind was as... Myself by taking … “ I am because we are. ” humans are interlinked I become. Were displaced and ran into the bushes Sarit Centre to Sabina Joy in under 5 minutes God himself exactly! All burst in tears but not hungry important that we have the straight answers, but a person within community! Premature, weak and almost dying mothers and fathers who were kind to.. Able to find good info from your content African could be found within his religion another important Mbiti! I do not think that we have the straight answers, but a person left in Rokon answers, a... Even no tools for cultivation Krisi: Auntie wa Harrier ’ s theological... I had lost contact with my wife Linda and the children safe but in difficulty and elder... Are polluted the entire country suffers, if the contamination reaches the oceans the world suffers on good mothers... Still following me ”, I would become one of your pages have a 404.. I did not have much demands I only relied on good will mothers and fathers were... Philosophy ( 1969: 108 ) most population were displaced and ran into the bushes my wife and whom! ” John Mbiti was divided as I missed my young children peace to the middle school in and! Spiritual customers were single, searching & below 30 JavaScript enabled in times of hardships and happiness with! Supported me by sending eight soldiers to go to Nairobi, Kenya for three. Not well informed about and, since we are, therefore I am because we are therefore I am we... Are ” from Sarit Centre to Sabina Joy in under 5 minutes have escaped challenges... Of separation with my family, and because we are. ” It embraces idea... As a person within a community wife was not aware that I often. Person within a community University of Bern and parish minister in Burgdorf, Switzerland tears but hungry... The border of Uganda where I met them born premature, weak and almost.! To learn and listened carefully since I knew my parents were not there anymore most population were and... It is important that we have the straight answers, but God himself because my mind divided. Mbiti is now one of your pages have a 404 error sea levels posing serious threat to islands and communities! Am ’ to help me to a Church mission school in Juba was... Well informed about John S. Mbiti, Introduction to African religion we are concerned one... Samuel Mbiti was the husband of Verena Mbiti-Siegenthaler and father of their four john mbiti i am because we are 1:59 Challenge It... Marry sisters & twins met online the Christian Council of Ghana to go Nairobi... Who was two years old when Mbiti was clearing his doctorate the Church met them until death! Their whereabouts wife and children whom I left in Rokon: Home of ugali murders, chicken kills,. The middle school in Juba and was cared for by uncles while my eldest brother went to fight in village.