[142] Once the 3rd American Army arrived, Bradley was promoted to take command of the newly created 12th Army Group consisting of 1st and 3rd American Armies. [209], Montgomery's mother, Maud Montgomery, died at New Park in Moville in Inishowen in 1949. Omar Bradley's US 12th Army Group was to Montgomery's south, with William Simpson's US Ninth Army adjacent to 21st Army Group, Courtney Hodges' US First Army, holding the Ardennes and George S. Patton's US Third Army further south. Although Caen contained an important road junction that Montgomery would eventually need, for the moment the capture of that city was only incidental to his mission. [140] Brooke was sufficiently worried about the "sack Monty" campaign to visit Montgomery at his Tactical Headquarters (TAC) in France and as he wrote in his diary; "warned [Montgomery] of a tendency in the PM [Churchill] to listen to suggestions that Monty played for safety and was not prepared to take risks". Bernard Montgomery had a remarkable talent for winning battles and planning campaigns, but along with that went the character flaws that made him a very difficult person to get along with, especially with regard to the military and political hierarchy. While this diversion of Monty's was brilliantly achieved, he nevertheless left himself open to criticism by overemphasizing the importance of his thrust toward Caen. [87] However, while all three were considered three of the greatest soldiers of their time, due to their competitiveness they were renowned for "squabbling like three schoolgirls" thanks to their "bitchiness", "whining to their superiors" and "showing off". [153] To take Le Havre, two infantry divisions, two tank brigades, most of the artillery of the Second British Army, the specialized armoured "gadgets" of Percy Hobart's 79th Armoured Division, the battleship HMS Warspite and the monitor HMS Erebus were all committed. The offensive failed to achieve its objectives. Given command of the 8th Infantry Division in Palestine, he put down an Arab revolt in 1939 before being transferred to Britain to lead the 3rd Infantry Division. The operation was a strategic Allied success in drawing in the last German reserves in Normandy towards the Caen sector away from the American sector, greatly assisting the American break out in Operation Cobra. [102] Air Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder complained that it was impossible to move fighter squadrons to France until Montgomery had captured some airfields, something he asserted that Montgomery appeared incapable of doing. Il est décoré du Distinguished Service Order(DSO). [126] Ultra decrypts indicated that the Germans now facing Bradley were seriously understrength with Operation Cobra about to commence. Montgomery's contribution to restoring the situation was that he turned a series of isolated actions into a coherent battle fought according to a clear and definite plan. [80], The Second Battle of El Alamein began on 23 October 1942, and ended 12 days later with one of the first large-scale, decisive Allied land victories of the war. Ahead of them the pathfinders were scattering their flares and before long the first bombs were dropping". When Montgomery protested that he had told his protégé, General Sir John Crocker, former commander of I Corps in the 1944–45 North-West Europe Campaign, that the job was to be his, Attlee is said to have retorted "Untell him". [208], Montgomery was created 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein in 1946. Selbstverständlich gibt es auch weitere Leute, die eher ein wenig zweifelnd zu sein scheinen, doch solche sind ohnehin in der Minderheit. Smith tried to laugh it off, but Montgomery was having none of it and insisted on his aircraft. It was reported to the War Office that "Montgomery has to be very careful of what he does on his eastern flank because on that flank is the only British Army there is left in this part of the world". During this battle, US Ninth Army, which had remained part of 21st Army Group after the Battle of the Bulge, formed the northern arm of the envelopment of German Army Group B, with US First Army forming the southern arm. Much of his correspondence with his wife was destroyed when his quarters at Portsmouth were bombed during the Second World War. There was a miscommunication between the two men or Eisenhower did not understand the strategy. In some ways, this was a sensible decision. 418–19, 516, 531, 550, 638, harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFAlanbrooke2001 (, Chairman of the Western Union Commanders-in-Chief Committee, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, French Resistance had launched Plan Violet, surrender of German forces in north-west Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Companion of the Distinguished Service Order, "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", Chapter 11 – Tunisia. [20], The family returned to England once for a Lambeth Conference in 1897, and Bernard and his brother Harold were educated for a term at The King's School, Canterbury. [138], Many American officers had found Montgomery a difficult man to work with, and after Goodwood, pressured Eisenhower to fire Montgomery. During the Western Desert campaign of the Second World War, Montgomery commanded the British Eighth Army from August 1942, through the Second Battle of El Alamein and on to the final Allied victory in Tunisia in May 1943. [153] On 4 September, Antwerp, the third largest port in Europe, was captured by Horrocks with its harbour mostly intact. [158], On 6 September 1944, Montgomery told Crerar that "I want Boulogne badly" and that city should be taken no matter what the cost. Bernard's mother, Maud, was the daughter of The V. Rev. The casualties were 5,500 with 7 miles (11 km) of ground gained. Smith promptly forgot all about it, but Montgomery did not, and when Sfax was taken on 10 April he sent a message to Smith "claiming his winnings". In 1927, Montgomery married Elizabeth Carver and the couple had a son, David, the following year. His handling of the Battle of Normandy was of a very high order, and as the person who would certainly have been blamed for losing the battle, he deserves the credit for winning it. The family returned to Britain in 1901 when Henry Montgomery became secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, Montgomery combat en France. Known to be difficult to work with, "Monty" was nevertheless exceptionally popular with the British public. [99], As the campaign progressed, Montgomery altered his initial plan for the invasion and continued the strategy of attracting and holding German counter-attacks in the area north of Caen rather than to the south, to allow the US First Army in the west to take Cherbourg. He eventually reached British lines on 5 December 1943, to the delight of his stepfather, who sent him home to Britain to recuperate. Overall direction was assigned to the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces, American General Dwight D. [200] Even Brooke thought it crass stupidity. [87], Montgomery returned to Britain in January 1944. "[151], Winston Churchill had Montgomery promoted to field marshal[152] by way of compensation. Arriving back in Britain, Montgomery became an outspoken critic of the BEF's high command and began a feud with the commander of Southern Command, Lieutenant General Sir Claude Auchinleck. When reckoned in terms of national pride, this British decoy mission became a sacrificial one, for while we tramped around the outside flank, the British were to sit in place and pin down the Germans. [100] On 12 June, Montgomery ordered the 7th Armoured Division into an attack against the Panzer Lehr Division that made good progress at first but ended when the Panzer Lehr was joined by the 2nd Panzer Division. [95] Rommel followed up this success by ordering the 2nd Panzer Division to Caen while Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt asked for and received permission from Hitler to have the elite 1st Waffen SS Division Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler and 2nd Waffen SS Division Das Reich sent to Caen as well. Yet strategically it fitted into a logical division of labors, for it was towards Caen that the enemy reserves would race once the alarm was sounded.[128]. [59] The invasion plans did not go ahead and plans switched to invading Cape Verde island also belonging to neutral Portugal. En 1916, il est commandant et est affecté à l'état-major des opérations dans la Somme, à Arras et Passchendaele. [153] By this point, ports like Cherbourg were too far away from the front line, causing the Allies great logistical problems. Eisenhower further told Montgomery to either obey orders to immediately clear the mouth of the Scheldt or he would be sacked. Nowadays public opinion precludes such methods, the nation would never allow it, and the politicians would lose their jobs if they sanctioned it. Even his "patron", the Chief of the Imperial General Staff Lord Alanbrooke, frequently mentions it in his war diaries: "he is liable to commit untold errors in lack of tact" and "I had to haul him over the coals for his usual lack of tact and egotistical outlook which prevented him from appreciating other people's feelings". [153], Admiral Ramsay, who proved to be a far more articulate and forceful champion of the Canadians than their own generals, starting on 9 October demanded of Eisenhower in a meeting that he either order Montgomery to make supporting the First Canadian Army in the Scheldt fighting his number one priority or sack him. While he was away, his wife, still in her mid-twenties, gave her children "constant" beatings,[17] then ignored them most of the time as she performed the public duties of the bishop's wife. I see men climbing out, on fire like torches, rolling on the ground to try and douse the flames". [161] Montgomery was able to insist that Eisenhower adopt his strategy of a single thrust to the Ruhr with Operation Market Garden in September 1944. Gegen unseren Vergleichssieger kam keiner gegen an. 1737, citing Holy Cross Churchyard, Binsted, East Hampshire District, Hampshire, England ; Maintained by Find A Grave . As a result, the operation was only partially successful and resulted in the destruction of the 1st British Airborne Division. But at a tennis party in Cologne, he was able to persuade the Commander-in-chief (C-in-C) of the British Army of Occupation, Field Marshal Sir William Robertson, to add his name to the list. [150] The British journalist Mark Urban writes that Montgomery seemed unable to grasp that as the majority of the 2.2 million Allied soldiers fighting against Germany on the Western Front were now American (the ratio was 3:1) that it was politically unacceptable to American public opinion to have Montgomery remain as Land Forces Commander as: "Politics would not allow him to carry on giving orders to great armies of Americans simply because, in his view, he was better than their generals. [133] Again Bradley confirmed Montgomery's plan and that the capture of Caen was only incidental to his mission, not critical. [127] During Operation Goodwood, the British had 400 tanks knocked out with many recovered returning to service. Fast … After the war he became Commander-in-Chief of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) in Germany and then Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1946–1948). [110] By the middle of July Caen had not been taken, as Rommel continued to prioritise prevention of the break-out by British forces rather than the western territories being taken by the Americans. [48] He attended and was then recommended to become an instructor at the Indian Army Staff College (now the Pakistan Army Staff College) in Quetta, British India. On le connaît aussi sous son surnom « Monty ». [115] On 14 July 1944, Montgomery wrote to his patron Brooke, saying he had chosen on a "real show down on the eastern flanks, and to loose a Corps of three armoured divisions in the open country about the Caen-Falaise road...The possibilities are immense; with seven hundred tanks loosed to the South-east of Caen, and the armoured cars operating far ahead, anything can happen. [119] On the early morning of 18 July 1944, Operation Goodwood began with British heavy bombers beginning carpet bombing attacks that further devastated what was left of Caen and the surrounding countryside. Beginning in 1951, he served as deputy commander of NATO's European forces and remained in that position until his retirement in 1958. [189], On 4 May 1945, on Lüneburg Heath, Montgomery accepted the surrender of German forces in north-west Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands. With German troops breaking through the American lines, Montgomery was ordered to take command of U.S. forces north of the penetration to stabilize the situation. Kennedy Hickman is a historian, museum director, and curator who specializes in military and naval history. [125] Despite Montgomery's orders to try to press on, fierce German counter-attacks stopped the British offensive.[125]. [35] From January 1926 to January 1929 he served as Deputy Assistant Adjutant General at the Staff College, Camberley, in the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel. The British journalist Mark Urban wrote that the purpose of Goodwood was to draw German troops to their left flank to allow the Americans to breakout on the right flank, arguing that Montgomery had to lie to his soldiers about the purpose of Goodwood as the average British soldier would not have understood why they were being asked to create a diversion to allow the Americans to have the glory of staging the breakout with Operation Cobra. Mit welcher Häufigkeit wird der Bernard montgomery ww2 aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nachangewendet werden? On December 16, the Germans opened the Battle of the Bulge with a massive offensive. "[77]) He was determined not to fight until he thought there had been sufficient preparation for a decisive victory, and put into action his beliefs with the gathering of resources, detailed planning, the training of troops—especially in clearing minefields and fighting at night[78]—and in the use of 252[79] of the latest American-built Sherman tanks, 90 M7 Priest self-propelled howitzers, and making a personal visit to every unit involved in the offensive. Despite selling off all the farms that were at Ballynally, "there was barely enough to keep up New Park and pay for the blasted summer holiday" (i.e., at New Park). [156] Thanks to ULTRA, Montgomery was aware of Hitler's order by 5 September. [83] Rommel, having been in a hospital in Germany at the start of the battle, was forced to return on 25 October 1942 after Stumme—his replacement as German commander—died of a heart attack in the early hours of the battle. 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